diff --git a/src/assets/AssetGraph.ts b/src/assets/AssetGraph.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85b93ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/assets/AssetGraph.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import type { AssetInspectorSnapshot } from "./AssetInspectorSnapshot";
+
+interface SessionEntry {
+  owner: string;
+  bundles: Set<string>;
+}
+
+export class AssetGraph {
+  private sessions: Map<string, SessionEntry> = new Map();
+  private ownerToSessions: Map<string, Set<string>> = new Map();
+
+  registerSession(sessionId: string, owner: string): void {
+    this.sessions.set(sessionId, {
+      owner,
+      bundles: new Set(),
+    });
+
+    const sessions = this.ownerToSessions.get(owner) ?? new Set<string>();
+    sessions.add(sessionId);
+    this.ownerToSessions.set(owner, sessions);
+  }
+
+  trackBundle(sessionId: string, bundleName: string): void {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return;
+    }
+    session.bundles.add(bundleName);
+  }
+
+  untrackBundle(sessionId: string, bundleName: string): void {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return;
+    }
+    session.bundles.delete(bundleName);
+  }
+
+  getSessionBundles(sessionId: string): string[] {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    return [...session.bundles];
+  }
+
+  collectSnapshot(
+    bundleRefCounts: Map<string, number>,
+    sessionRefCounts: Map<string, Map<string, number>>
+  ): AssetInspectorSnapshot {
+    const bundles: AssetInspectorSnapshot["bundles"] = {};
+    for (const [bundleName, refCount] of bundleRefCounts.entries()) {
+      if (refCount <= 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const owners = new Set<string>();
+      const sessions = new Set<string>();
+      for (const [sessionId, refs] of sessionRefCounts.entries()) {
+        const count = refs.get(bundleName) ?? 0;
+        if (count <= 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        sessions.add(sessionId);
+        owners.add(this.sessions.get(sessionId)?.owner ?? "unknown");
+      }
+      bundles[bundleName] = {
+        refCount,
+        owners: [...owners].sort(),
+        sessions: [...sessions].sort(),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const sessionSnapshot: AssetInspectorSnapshot["sessions"] = {};
+    for (const [sessionId, session] of this.sessions.entries()) {
+      sessionSnapshot[sessionId] = {
+        owner: session.owner,
+        bundles: [...session.bundles].sort(),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const ownerSnapshot: AssetInspectorSnapshot["owners"] = {};
+    for (const [owner, sessions] of this.ownerToSessions.entries()) {
+      const bundlesByOwner = new Set<string>();
+      for (const sessionId of sessions) {
+        for (const bundle of this.sessions.get(sessionId)?.bundles ?? []) {
+          bundlesByOwner.add(bundle);
+        }
+      }
+      ownerSnapshot[owner] = {
+        sessions: [...sessions].sort(),
+        bundles: [...bundlesByOwner].sort(),
+      };
+    }
+
+    return {
+      activeBundles: Object.keys(bundles).sort(),
+      bundles,
+      sessions: sessionSnapshot,
+      owners: ownerSnapshot,
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/assets/AssetInspectorSnapshot.ts b/src/assets/AssetInspectorSnapshot.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37847a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/assets/AssetInspectorSnapshot.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+export interface AssetBundleSnapshot {
+  refCount: number;
+  owners: string[];
+  sessions: string[];
+}
+
+export interface AssetSessionSnapshot {
+  owner: string;
+  bundles: string[];
+}
+
+export interface AssetOwnerSnapshot {
+  sessions: string[];
+  bundles: string[];
+}
+
+export interface AssetInspectorSnapshot {
+  activeBundles: string[];
+  bundles: Record<string, AssetBundleSnapshot>;
+  sessions: Record<string, AssetSessionSnapshot>;
+  owners: Record<string, AssetOwnerSnapshot>;
+}
diff --git a/src/assets/AssetSession.ts b/src/assets/AssetSession.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e8a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/assets/AssetSession.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import type { AssetsBundle } from "pixi.js";
+import type { AssetManager } from "@/core/AssetManager";
+
+export class AssetSession {
+  readonly id: string;
+  readonly owner: string;
+  private manager: AssetManager;
+
+  constructor(manager: AssetManager, id: string, owner: string) {
+    this.manager = manager;
+    this.id = id;
+    this.owner = owner;
+  }
+
+  loadBundle(
+    name: string,
+    onProgress?: (progress: number) => void
+  ): Promise<AssetsBundle | null> {
+    return this.manager.acquireBySession(this.id, name, onProgress);
+  }
+
+  releaseBundle(name: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this.manager.releaseBySession(this.id, name);
+  }
+
+  async releaseAll(): Promise<void> {
+    const bundles = this.manager.getSessionBundles(this.id);
+    for (const bundle of bundles) {
+      await this.releaseBundle(bundle);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/core/AssetManager.ts b/src/core/AssetManager.ts
index 1252b17..b738cd9 100644
--- a/src/core/AssetManager.ts
+++ b/src/core/AssetManager.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,75 @@
-import { Assets, type AssetsBundle } from "pixi.js";
+import type { AssetsBundle } from "pixi.js";
+import { AssetGraph } from "@/assets/AssetGraph";
+import { AssetSession } from "@/assets/AssetSession";
+import type { AssetInspectorSnapshot } from "@/assets/AssetInspectorSnapshot";
 import { logger } from "./Logger";
 
-class AssetManager {
-  private referenceCounts: Map<string, number> = new Map();
+export interface AssetRuntimeAdapter {
+  init: () => Promise<void>;
+  loadBundle: (
+    name: string,
+    onProgress?: (progress: number) => void
+  ) => Promise<AssetsBundle>;
+  unloadBundle: (name: string) => Promise<void>;
+}
 
-  async init(): Promise<void> {
-    // 硬编码的 /manifest.json 路径是本应用的固定配置
+const createPixiAdapter = (): AssetRuntimeAdapter => ({
+  init: async () => {
+    const { Assets } = await import("pixi.js");
     await Assets.init({ manifest: "/manifest.json" });
+  },
+  loadBundle: async (name, onProgress) => {
+    const { Assets } = await import("pixi.js");
+    return Assets.loadBundle(name, onProgress);
+  },
+  unloadBundle: async (name) => {
+    const { Assets } = await import("pixi.js");
+    await Assets.unloadBundle(name);
+  },
+});
+
+export class AssetManager {
+  private adapter: AssetRuntimeAdapter;
+  private bundleRefCounts: Map<string, number> = new Map();
+  private bundleCache: Map<string, AssetsBundle> = new Map();
+  private sessionBundleRefs: Map<string, Map<string, number>> = new Map();
+  private graph: AssetGraph = new AssetGraph();
+  private sessionIdSeed = 0;
+  private defaultSession: AssetSession;
+
+  constructor(adapter?: AssetRuntimeAdapter) {
+    this.adapter = adapter ?? createPixiAdapter();
+    this.defaultSession = this.createSession("global");
+  }
+
+  async init(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.adapter.init();
     logger.debug("AssetManager initialized");
   }
 
-  async loadBundle(
+  createSession(owner: string): AssetSession {
+    const normalizedOwner = owner.trim();
+    if (normalizedOwner === "") {
+      throw new Error("AssetManager: Owner name cannot be empty string");
+    }
+
+    this.sessionIdSeed += 1;
+    const sessionId = `session-${this.sessionIdSeed}`;
+    this.graph.registerSession(sessionId, normalizedOwner);
+    this.sessionBundleRefs.set(sessionId, new Map());
+    return new AssetSession(this, sessionId, normalizedOwner);
+  }
+
+  getInspectorSnapshot(): AssetInspectorSnapshot {
+    return this.graph.collectSnapshot(this.bundleRefCounts, this.sessionBundleRefs);
+  }
+
+  getSessionBundles(sessionId: string): string[] {
+    return this.graph.getSessionBundles(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  async acquireBySession(
+    sessionId: string,
     name: string,
     onProgress?: (progress: number) => void
   ): Promise<AssetsBundle | null> {
@@ -19,20 +78,32 @@ class AssetManager {
       return null;
     }
 
-    // 已经加载过，增加引用计数
-    if (this.referenceCounts.has(name)) {
-      const count = this.referenceCounts.get(name)! + 1;
-      this.referenceCounts.set(name, count);
-      logger.debug(`AssetManager: reuse bundle "${name}", refCount = ${count}`);
+    const sessionRefs = this.sessionBundleRefs.get(sessionId);
+    if (!sessionRefs) {
+      logger.warn(`AssetManager: unknown session "${sessionId}"`);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const totalRefCount = this.bundleRefCounts.get(name) ?? 0;
+    const sessionRefCount = sessionRefs.get(name) ?? 0;
+    if (totalRefCount > 0) {
+      this.bundleRefCounts.set(name, totalRefCount + 1);
+      sessionRefs.set(name, sessionRefCount + 1);
+      this.graph.trackBundle(sessionId, name);
+      logger.debug(
+        `AssetManager: reuse bundle "${name}", refCount = ${totalRefCount + 1}`
+      );
       onProgress?.(1);
-      return Assets.loadBundle(name);
+      return this.bundleCache.get(name) ?? this.adapter.loadBundle(name);
     }
 
-    // 首次加载
     logger.debug(`AssetManager: loading bundle "${name}"`);
     try {
-      const bundle = await Assets.loadBundle(name, onProgress);
-      this.referenceCounts.set(name, 1);
+      const bundle = await this.adapter.loadBundle(name, onProgress);
+      this.bundleRefCounts.set(name, 1);
+      this.bundleCache.set(name, bundle);
+      sessionRefs.set(name, 1);
+      this.graph.trackBundle(sessionId, name);
       return bundle;
     } catch (error) {
       logger.error(`AssetManager: Failed to load bundle "${name}":`, error);
@@ -40,36 +111,62 @@ class AssetManager {
     }
   }
 
-  async unloadBundle(name: string): Promise<void> {
+  async releaseBySession(sessionId: string, name: string): Promise<void> {
     if (name === "") {
       logger.warn("AssetManager: Bundle name cannot be empty string");
       return;
     }
 
-    if (!this.referenceCounts.has(name)) {
+    const sessionRefs = this.sessionBundleRefs.get(sessionId);
+    if (!sessionRefs) {
+      logger.warn(`AssetManager: unknown session "${sessionId}"`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const sessionRefCount = sessionRefs.get(name) ?? 0;
+    if (sessionRefCount <= 0) {
       logger.warn(`AssetManager: unloading unloaded bundle "${name}"`);
       return;
     }
 
-    const count = this.referenceCounts.get(name)! - 1;
-    this.referenceCounts.set(name, count);
+    if (sessionRefCount === 1) {
+      sessionRefs.delete(name);
+      this.graph.untrackBundle(sessionId, name);
+    } else {
+      sessionRefs.set(name, sessionRefCount - 1);
+    }
+
+    const totalRefCount = (this.bundleRefCounts.get(name) ?? 0) - 1;
+    this.bundleRefCounts.set(name, totalRefCount);
 
-    if (count <= 0) {
+    if (totalRefCount <= 0) {
       logger.debug(`AssetManager: unloading bundle "${name}"`);
-      await Assets.unloadBundle(name);
-      this.referenceCounts.delete(name);
+      await this.adapter.unloadBundle(name);
+      this.bundleRefCounts.delete(name);
+      this.bundleCache.delete(name);
     } else {
-      logger.debug(`AssetManager: decrease refCount for "${name}" to ${count}`);
+      logger.debug(`AssetManager: decrease refCount for "${name}" to ${totalRefCount}`);
     }
   }
 
+  async loadBundle(
+    name: string,
+    onProgress?: (progress: number) => void
+  ): Promise<AssetsBundle | null> {
+    return this.defaultSession.loadBundle(name, onProgress);
+  }
+
+  async unloadBundle(name: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this.defaultSession.releaseBundle(name);
+  }
+
   isLoaded(name: string): boolean {
     if (name === "") {
       logger.warn("AssetManager: Bundle name cannot be empty string");
       return false;
     }
 
-    return this.referenceCounts.has(name) && this.referenceCounts.get(name)! > 0;
+    return this.bundleRefCounts.has(name) && this.bundleRefCounts.get(name)! > 0;
   }
 
   getRefCount(name: string): number {
@@ -78,13 +175,16 @@ class AssetManager {
       return 0;
     }
 
-    return this.referenceCounts.get(name) ?? 0;
+    return this.bundleRefCounts.get(name) ?? 0;
   }
 
   clearAll(): void {
-    // 注意：此方法只会清除本地引用计数，不会从 Pixi 中卸载资源
-    // 因为完全卸载资源在实际应用中很少需要，且可能导致正在使用的资源失效
-    this.referenceCounts.clear();
+    this.bundleRefCounts.clear();
+    this.bundleCache.clear();
+    this.sessionBundleRefs.clear();
+    this.sessionIdSeed = 0;
+    this.graph = new AssetGraph();
+    this.defaultSession = this.createSession("global");
     logger.debug("AssetManager: Reference count map cleared");
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/assets/asset-session.test.ts b/tests/assets/asset-session.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83010a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/assets/asset-session.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { AssetManager } from "@/core/AssetManager";
+
+type FakeBundle = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+describe("AssetSession", () => {
+  it("tracks owner/session relationships in inspector snapshot", async () => {
+    const loadCalls: string[] = [];
+    const unloadCalls: string[] = [];
+    const manager = new AssetManager({
+      init: async () => undefined,
+      loadBundle: async (name: string) => {
+        loadCalls.push(name);
+        return { name } as FakeBundle;
+      },
+      unloadBundle: async (name: string) => {
+        unloadCalls.push(name);
+      },
+    });
+
+    const sceneSessionA = manager.createSession("scene");
+    const sceneSessionB = manager.createSession("scene");
+    const uiSession = manager.createSession("ui");
+
+    await sceneSessionA.loadBundle("characters");
+    await sceneSessionB.loadBundle("background");
+    await uiSession.loadBundle("characters");
+
+    const snapshot = manager.getInspectorSnapshot();
+
+    expect(snapshot.sessions[sceneSessionA.id]?.owner).toBe("scene");
+    expect(snapshot.sessions[sceneSessionB.id]?.owner).toBe("scene");
+    expect(snapshot.sessions[uiSession.id]?.owner).toBe("ui");
+    expect(snapshot.owners.scene?.sessions).toContain(sceneSessionA.id);
+    expect(snapshot.owners.scene?.sessions).toContain(sceneSessionB.id);
+    expect(snapshot.owners.ui?.sessions).toContain(uiSession.id);
+    expect(snapshot.activeBundles.sort()).toEqual(["background", "characters"]);
+    expect(loadCalls).toEqual(["characters", "background"]);
+    expect(unloadCalls).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("clears active bundles after releaseAll", async () => {
+    const unloadCalls: string[] = [];
+    const manager = new AssetManager({
+      init: async () => undefined,
+      loadBundle: async (name: string) => ({ name }) as FakeBundle,
+      unloadBundle: async (name: string) => {
+        unloadCalls.push(name);
+      },
+    });
+
+    const session = manager.createSession("battle");
+    await session.loadBundle("fx");
+    await session.loadBundle("music");
+
+    expect(manager.getInspectorSnapshot().activeBundles.sort()).toEqual([
+      "fx",
+      "music",
+    ]);
+
+    await session.releaseAll();
+
+    const snapshot = manager.getInspectorSnapshot();
+    expect(snapshot.activeBundles).toEqual([]);
+    expect(snapshot.bundles).toEqual({});
+    expect(unloadCalls.sort()).toEqual(["fx", "music"]);
+  });
+});